Design and construction of an automation system to improve the germination process in indirect planting based on vertical farming

Abstract

Modern agriculture faces the challenge of producing sustainably in the face of resource scarcity and climatic variability. In this context, vertical farming emerges as an innovative alternative that allows environmental conditions to be controlled in order to optimize plant growth in limited spaces. However, early processes such as germination still largely depend on unstable environmental factors that affect the uniformity and efficiency of seedlings. In response, an automated system was developed to optimize these variables. The research was applied and experimental in nature, involving a technical and theoretical review of automated agricultural systems, followed by the physical design of the prototype and the selection of sensors, actuators, and controllers. The system was powered by solar energy and integrated automated routines to maintain temperature, humidity, and light within optimal ranges for germination. The constructed prototype enabled automatic monitoring and adjustment of environmental variables, achieving a stable controlled environment. The results confirm that the automated vertical farming system is a viable, sustainable, and scalable alternative. Its implementation improves germination efficiency, promotes the rational use of resources, and contributes to the development of resilient agricultural models capable of addressing current environmental challenges.